Thermal Transformation of Secondary Resources of Carbon-Rich Wastes into Valuable Industrial Applications

Carbon-based materials have become an indispensable component in a myriad of domestic and industrial applications. Most the carbon-based end-of-life products discussed this review end up landfills. Where recycling is available, it usually involves production lower-value products. The allotropic nature carbon has been analysed to identify novel that could be obtained from used products, which also transform into secondary resource. Thermal transformation carbon-rich wastes promising viable pathway for adding value waste would otherwise go valorisation routes four different by thermal are reviewed study—automotive shredder residue (ASR), textile wastes, leather spent coffee grounds (SCGs). Textile were thermally transformed fibres activated carbon, while ASRs as reductant produce silicon carbide (SiC) glass. (SCGs) employed reductants reduction hematite. This paper examines possible transforming processes characterised using several techniques assess their suitability respective strategy valorising successfully prevented those ending